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Fatwa CenterRuling on Muslim who believes in Darwin's theory of evolution
Question
Assalaamu alaykum. I had submitted a question asking whether a person who believed in the theory of evolution, or if he believed that Adam, peace be upon him, arrived through the process of evolution, is a Muslim or not? Although I received an answer to my question saying that Darwinism contradicted Islam, I received no direct answer saying that someone who holds such beliefs is a disbeliever. I hope you can answer my question and free me of any doubts.
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad 
is His slave and Messenger.
In regard to the general ruling, whoever believes in Darwin's theory of evolution is denying Allah and His Messenger . There is no doubt that this is Kufr (disbelief).
Now, we have to look at the ruling on an individual. A specific person cannot be ruled to be a Kaafir (non-Muslim) unless some conditions are met while there are no impediments for declaring him as such, as he might be ignorant or have misinterpreted the texts, for example. The scholars say that if a person’s Islam is proven with certainty, it cannot be overruled except with such certainty.
For more benefit on the conditions for declaring someone to be a Kaafir, please refer to fatwas 8106 and 87963.
It is an obligation not to hasten in declaring someone to be a Kaafir as this is a very serious matter; there is a severe threat regarding declaring a fellow Muslim to be a Kaafir.
Ibn ‘Umar 
narrated that the Prophet said, "Any person who said to his brother 'O Kaafir' it (the sin of Kufr) will be borne by one of them; if his brother is not as he said, it bounces back to him." [Muslim]
For more benefit, please refer to fatwa 360853.
You should strive to avoid obsessive doubts in this regard and not pay any attention to them.
Allah knows best.
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